ryu901

data miningとは視覚化visualizationである
Rを使ってデータマイニングを行うメリットの一つにデータの視覚化があります。

Ⅰ　回帰木による判別と予測

通常の回帰分析は
　　y=a+b x+c z ・・・
という具合に、
目的変数（被説明変数、従属変数）：y
と
説明変数（独立変数）：x,z ・・・
の式で示される。

そこで発想を変えて、データをふるいにかけてみる。
例えば、いくつかの条件を設定して
①条件Aを満たすか否か
②条件Bを満たすか否か
③条件Cを満たすか否か
　　　　　　・・・・・



この例では、条件によってふるいにかけることで最終的に
３つのグループに分類される。

下の図は『Ｒで学ぶデータマイニング』p107
より、回帰木の例としてあげられているものです。



ようするにある条件（属性）に適合するか否かで。2つに分けていくやり方。最終的に残ったものが分類（予測）の結論的なものになる。

これは最初から自分でルールを定めるのでなく、機械的にふるいにかけて結論に至る方法ともいえ、データマイニングの特徴をよくあらわしている。

この手法の、重要な点は、「分ける」ということよりもむしろ
視覚化する
ということにある。

図からわかるように、木の根が伸びるような、枝が伸びるようなイメージであるため「回帰木」という。
英語でもCART（Classification And Regression Trees）というように木のイメージである。

因みに、こういう2分岐というのはアルゴリズム学習の基本中の基本にあるやつで、その分岐ルールに統計処理を行うのがCARTの魅力的なところ。実際は無意味なことであっても、なんとなく意味があるようにみせかけることができるので、悪用は厳禁だが．．．。


今回は、
①　前回同様irisデータを例題としてCARTを実行する。
②　外部からデータファイルを読み込む。
③　そのデータにCARTを適用する。


１．RでCARTするには「mvpart」、「rpart」の２つのパッケージを利用すればよい。書式は

>rpart(判別したい変数 ~ . , data=データフレーム名)
>rpart(判別したい変数 ~ 変数１　+　変数２　+　・・・. , data=データフレーム名)

詳細はHELPで確認しれ。

２．データファイルの読み込み方

方法はたくさんある。
データファイルの形式もASCII形式から、SASデータファーマット、Excelファイル、Accessファイルなどたくさんある。

とりあえずほとんどのOSに対応でき、特別なソフトも不要なASCII形式を取り上げる。
サンプルデータを各自の指定されたフォルダに保存する。

　　なお、ファイル/ディレクトリの作成/削除/移動
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　と
　　　　　　　ファイルの保存場所の確認

はできるようにする。基本といってもバカにしない。WinXP以外のOSでもできますか？GUIでなければできない。
というのではあまりにもなさけない。


３．今回の課題

この記事へのコメント

情報処理
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５月２６日　課題終了

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